Which term describes an individual unable to participate in typical learning due to cognitive impairments?

The term "intellectual disability" specifically refers to a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which impacts an individual's ability to learn, reason, and manage everyday tasks. This classification emphasizes a cognitive impairment that affects learning capabilities, making it the most appropriate term for describing someone who is unable to participate in typical learning activities due to cognitive impairments.

While "disability" is a broader term that encompasses various types of impairments, it's less specific when discussing cognitive learning difficulties. "Learning difficulty" tends to refer to specific challenges in learning processes rather than a generalized cognitive impairment. The phrase "mentally ill" generally refers to conditions that affect an individual's emotional state and behavior rather than cognitive abilities directly tied to learning. Hence, "intellectual disability" accurately captures the essence of the cognitive impairments affecting learning.